The name Kalpitiya is steeped in linguistic and cultural layers. Scholars trace its roots to the ancient Sinhala term “Kalapiti-Kuli”, mentioned in the Sigiriya graffiti, believed to refer to the modern-day Kalpitiya. Another theory suggests a Tamil origin—“Kalputti”, combining kal (stone) and putti (elevation), referencing the region’s rocky coastal terrain. During colonial times, the Portuguese and Dutch referred to it as Calpentyn, a name still echoed in historical texts.

In ancient Tamil, the area was also known as Arasadi, meaning “place of the Arasa tree,” a sacred fig species often associated with wisdom and shelter. These layered names reflect Kalpitiya’s long-standing role as a crossroads of trade, spirituality, and seafaring.

As of the most recent census, Kalpitiya is home to approximately 86,400 residents, spread across its mainland and 14 surrounding islands. The town is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious community, with Muslims forming the majority, followed by Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils, Burghers, and Malays. This diversity is reflected in the town’s mosques, temples, churches, and cultural festivals.

The median age is around 31 years, and the population density stands at roughly 517 people per square kilometer, making it a vibrant yet spacious coastal enclave. The community is known for its warmth, resilience, and deep connection to both land and sea.